Active and Passive Voice

Active Voice के वाक्यों में ये भी बताया गया होता है कि उस वाक्य में क्या क्रिया हो रही है और उस क्रिया को कौन रहा है। जितने भी वाक्य आपने Tenses और Modal Verbs के Lessons में पढ़े थे, वो सभी Active Voice में थे।

Passive Voice के वाक्यों में क्रिया (Verb) के बारे में बताया तो गया होता है लेकिन उस क्रिया को करने वाले के बारे में या तो बताया ही नहीं गया होता या फिर “द्वारा” के साथ बताया गया होता है।

• Passive Voice के वाक्यों में हमेशा Verb की 3rd form का प्रयोग किया जाता है।

मैं रवि से पूछ रहा हूँ।

क्रिया को कौन कर रहा है – मैं (I)
क्या क्रिया हो रही है – पूछना (Ask)

यह वाक्य Active Voice में है, क्योंकि इस वाक्य में क्या क्रिया हो रही है और उस क्रिया को कौन रहा है, दोनों बातें बतायी गयी हैं।

रवि को पूछा जा रहा है।

क्रिया को कौन कर रहा है – नहीं दिया गया है
क्या क्रिया हो रही है – पूछना (Ask)

यह वाक्य Passive Voice में है, क्योंकि यहाँ पर “पूछ्ने” का काम कौन कर रहा है, ये बताया ही नहीं गया है।

रवि को मेरे द्वारा पूछा जा रहा है।

क्रिया को कौन कर रहा है – मैं (I) {दिया गया है लेकिन “द्वारा” के साथ}
क्या क्रिया हो रही है – पूछना (Ask)

यह वाक्य भी Passive Voice में है, क्योंकि यहाँ पर “पूछ्ने” का काम जो कर रहा है, वो हूँ मैं, लेकिन मेरे बारे में “द्वारा” के साथ बताया गया है।

Identification of the Voice – Active or Passive ?

• सेल्समैन ने आज चार किताबें बेची। – Active
  
  
• आज चार किताबें बेची गयीं। – Passive (किसने बेचीं, नहीं बताया गया)
  
  
• मुझे ये बात बतायी गयी है। – Passive (किसने बाताया, नहीं दिया गया) 
    
• ये घर तीस साल पहले बनाया गया था। – Passive (किसने बनाया था, नहीं दिया गया)
  
  
• उसे सिर्फ 2 दिन का समय दिया गया है। – Passive (किसने दिया है, नहीं दिया गया)
  
  
• हमें रोज़ खाली हाथ घर भेज दिया जाता है। – Passive (कौन भेजता है, नहीं दिया गया)
  
  
• ये मोबाइल ठीक किया जा सकता है। – Passive (कौन ठीक कर सकता है, नहीं दिया गया)

Active to Passive Voice Conversion

• बॉबी ने राहुल को देखा है। (Active) – राहुल को बॉबी के द्वारा देखा गया है। (Passive)
       
• आप ये कार खरीद सकते हो। (Active) – ये कार आपके द्वारा खरीदी जा सकती है। (Passive)
  
  
• वो रवि को जाने देगा। (Active) – रवि को उसके द्वारा जाने दिया जायेगा। (Passive)
  
• मैकेनिक को मोबाइल रिपेयर करना है। (Active) – मोबाइल मैकेनिक के द्वारा रिपेयर किया
  जाना है। (Passive)           

Passive of Tenses

Passive of Modal Verbs

जिन Modal Verbs के साथ Active Voice में Verb की 1^st form का प्रयोग होता है, उन सभी के साथ Passive Voice में BE का प्रयोग होता है और जिन Modal Verbs के साथ Active Voice में Verb की 3^rd form का use होता है, उन के साथ Passive Voice में BEEN का प्रयोग होता है।

Sentences covered in the video

राहुल को मार्केट में देखा गया है।
(Present Perfect Tense Passive Voice)
Rahul has been seen in the market.

 आज केवल चार किताबें बिकी।
(Past Indefinite Tense Passive Voice)
Only four books were sold today.

मुझे ये बात बतायी गयी है।
(Present Perfect Tense Passive Voice)
I have been told about this matter.

ये घर तीस साल पहले बनाया गया था।
(Past Perfect Tense Passive Voice)
This house had been built/constructed thirty years ago.

उसे सिर्फ 2 दिन दिये जायेंगे।
(Future Indefinite Tense Passive Voice)
He will be given only two days.

हमें रोज़ खाली हाथ घर भेज दिया जाता है। (Present Indefinite Tense Passive Voice)
We are sent home empty-handed daily.

ये मोबाइल ठीक किया जा सकता है।
(Passive Voice of Modal Verbs)
This mobile can be repaired.

हमसे ये प्रश्न क्यों पूछा जा रहा है?
(Present Continuous Tense Passive Voice)
Why are we being asked this question?

मुझे खेलने दिया गया।
(Past Indefinite Tense – Passive Voice of Let)
I was let play.

ये कार खरीदी जा सकती है।
(Passive Voice of Modal Verbs)
This car can/could/may/might be purchased.

रवि को जाने दिया जायेगा।
(Future Indefinite Tense – Passive Voice of Let)
Ravi will be let go.

ये मोबाइल रिपेयर होना है।
(Passive Voice of Modal Verbs)
This mobile is to be repaired./ This mobile has to be repaired.

रवि को ये प्रश्न पूछा जा रहा है।
(Present Continuous Tense Passive Voice)
Ravi is being asked this question

रवि को सुबह से ये प्रश्न पूछा जा रहा है।
(Present Perfect Continuous Tense Passive Voice)
Ravi is being asked this question since morning.
Ravi has been being asked this question since morning. {NOT RECOMMENDED}

हमें जनवरी से अंग्रेज़ी सिखायी जा रही थी।
(Past Perfect Continuous Tense Passive Voice)
We were being taught English since january.
We had been being taught English since january. {NOT RECOMMENDED}

शाम को यहाँ क्रिकेट खेला जा रहा होगा।
(Future Continuous Tense Passive Voice)
Cricket will be played here in the evening.
Cricket will be being played here in the evening. {NOT RECOMMENDED}

तुम मुझे हँसा रहे हो।
(Causative Verbs Active Voice)
You are making me laugh. /
You are getting me to laugh.

मुझे हँसाया जा रहा है।
(Causative Verbs Passive Voice)
I am being made to laugh.

उसने मुझे ये कॉन्सेप्ट समझाया।
(Causative Verbs Active Voice)
He made me understand this concept. / He got me to understand this concept.

मुझे ये कॉन्सेप्ट समझाया गया।
(Causative Verbs Passive Voice)
I was made to understand this concept.

Tenses के “Active to Passive Voice” Conversions

AV: He plays football.
{Present Indefinite}
PV: Football is played by him.

AV: She doesn’t play cricket.
{Present Indefinite}
PV: Cricket is not played by her.

AV: I play my guitar every day.
{Present Indefinite}
PV: My guitar is played by me every day.

AV: Do I call you?
{Present Indefinite}
PV: Are you called by me?

AV: Why do you eat pizza?
{Present Indefinite}
PV: Why is the pizza eaten by you?

AV: Rekha was singing a song.
{Past Continuous}
PV: A song was being sung by Rekha.

AV: Is Raju purchasing mobile right now?
{Present Continuous}
PV: Is the mobile being purchased by Raju right now?

AV: They will inform you about it.
{Future Indefinite}
PV: You will be informed about it by them.

AV: I have watched this movie.
{Present Perfect}
PV: This movie has been watched by me.

AV: Have you met him?
{Present Perfect}
PV: Has he been met by you?

AV: Why did he call you?
{Past Indefinite}
PV: Why were you called by him?

AV: He hit the ball hard.
{Past Indefinite}
PV: The ball was hit hard by him.

AV: Did he tell you something?
{Past Indefinite}
PV: Were you told something by him?

AV: What did he eat today?
{Past Indefinite}
PV: What was eaten today by him?

AV: How much does he love his brother?
{Present Indefinite}
PV: How much is his brother loved by him?

AV: How much do you love your brother?
{Present Indefinite}
PV: How much is your brother loved by you?

AV: Does anyone meet you at your home?
{Present Indefinite}
PV: Are you met by anyone at your home?

AV: Rajni will have met Rashmi by the evening.
{Future Perfect}
PV: Rashmi will have been met by Rajni by the evening.

AV: He will have called you tomorrow.
{Future Perfect}
PV: You will have been called by him tomorrow.

AV: I didn’t do it, trust me!
{Past Indefinite}
PV: It was not done by me, trust me!

AV: Is she attending the class today?
{Present Continuous}
PV: Is the class being attended by her today?

AV: They will consult the doctor.
{Future Indefinite}
PV: The doctor will be consulted by them.

AV: Why have you read this book?
{Present Perfect}
PV: Why has this book been read by you?

AV: I have been asking you since morning.
{Present Perfect Cont.}
PV: You have been being asked by me since morning.

AV: She had been reading that novel for months.
{Past Perfect Cont.}
PV: That novel had been being read by her for months.

AV: He will be opening the door at that moment.
{Future Cont.}
PV: The door will be being opened by him at that moment.

AV: He will have been watching cartoons since morning when you reach there
{Future Perfect Cont.}
PV: Cartoons will have been being watched by him since morning when you reach there.

Modals के  “Active to Passive Voice” Conversions

AV: Can you do it?
PV: Can it be done by you?.

AV: We couldn’t ask him.
PV: He couldn’t be asked by us.

AV: They should never blame you for this mistake.
PV: You should never be blamed by them for this mistake.

AV: He may have to read this book.
PV: This book may have to be read by him.

AV: You must attend the class.
PV: The class must be attended by you.

AV: He can drive this car.
PV: This car can be driven by him.

AV: He cannot drive this car.
PV: This car cannot be driven by him.

AV: Can he drive this car?
PV: Can this car be driven by him?

AV: We shouldn’t kill the animals.
PV: The animals shouldn’t be killed by us.

AV: He ought to help the poor.
PV: The poor ought to be helped by him.

AV: He must have passed the exam.
PV: The exam must have been passed by him.

AV: He might call you next week.
PV: You might be called by him next week.

AV: Should I start a job?
PV: Should a job be started by me?

AV: Should I have started a job?
PV: Should a job have been started by me?

“LET” मुख्य क्रिया के वाक्यों के “Active to Passive” Conversions

AV: Did you let him enter the house?
PV: Was he let enter the house by you?

AV: He must let him go to market.
PV: He must be let go to market by him.

AV: She lets me go wherever I want to.
PV: I am let go by her wherever I want to.

AV: I will not let my brother know about it.
PV: My brother will not be let know about it by me.

AV: Could you let me take this book?
PV: Could I be let take this book by you?

AV: He lets me go.
PV: I am let go by him.

AV: I won’t let you do it.
PV: You won’t be let do it by me.

AV: You should let him go.
PV: He should be let go by you.

AV: I can let you play.
PV: You can be let play by me.

AV: He should have let you do what you wanted to.
PV: You should have been let do by him what you wanted to.

AV: He lets me go home.
PV: I am let go home by him.

AV: She is not letting me study.
PV: I am not being let study by her.

AV: They are letting Rahul work with Ram.
PV: Rahul is being let work with Ram by them.

AV: He shouldn’t have let you play all the time.
PV: You shouldn’t have been let play all the time by him.

AV: How often do you let him go to the park?
PV: How often is he let go to the park by you?

AV: Why do you not let him come home?
PV: Why is he not let come home by you?

 Infinitives के “Active to Passive Voice” Conversions

AV: There are two bananas to eat.
PV: There are two bananas to be eaten.

AV: I have a bill to pay.
PV: I have a bill to be paid.

AV: He has to meet me tomorrow.
PV: I have to be met by him tomorrow.

AV: They seem to ask you this question.
PV: You seem to be asked this question by them.

AV: She needs to finish the task today itself.
PV: The task needs to be finished by her today itself.