Simple Sentences – Past – Category 1

पहचान – सेंटेंस के एंड में “था, थे, थी” आता है।

Auxiliary Verbs:
Was – Singular Subjects के साथ
Were – Plural  Subjects के साथ

Rules:
Affirmative: Sub. + was/were + Obj.
Negative: Sub. + was/were + not + Obj.
Interrogative: <WH> + was/were + Sub. + Obj.?
Neg. Int.: <WH> + was/were + Sub. + not + Obj.?

Special Case
Interrogative: <WH – Sub.> + was/were + Obj.?
Neg. Int.: <WH – Sub.> + was/were + not + Obj.?

• इस तरह के Simple Sentences में यदि “समय से“ का ज़िक्र हो जाये, जैसे – “वो सुबह से ऑफिस में था।“ तो ऐसे में was/were की जगह पर had been का प्रयोग हो जाता है।
  
  
• जब भी किसी सेंटेंस में Object नहीं होता वहाँ पर “There” का प्रयोग करके भी sentence को बनाया जा सकता है। और यहाँ तक कि ऐसे वाक्यों में आप There का प्रयोग Subject के रूप में भी कर सकते हैं। (ये बात समझने के लिए Video ज़रूर देखिए।)

Examples:

वो ऑफिस में था।
He was in the office.

वो ऑफिस में नहीं था।
He was not in the office.

क्या वो ऑफिस में था?
Was he in the office?

वो ऑफिस में क्या था?
What was he in the office?

वो सुबह से ऑफिस में था।
He had been in the office since morning.

वो ऑफिस में कब से था?
Since when had he been in the office?

एक लड़का था।
There was a boy. / A boy was there.

एक लड़का ऑफिस में था।
There was a boy in the office. /
A boy was there in the office. /
A boy was in the office.

कुछ पेड़ थे।
There were few trees.

उस जंगल में कुछ पेड़ थे।
There were few trees in that jungle. /
That jungle had few trees.

कितने पेड़ थे?
How many trees were there?

कौन जगा हुआ था? (Int. Special Case)
Who was awake?

कौन कौन ऑफिस में थे?
Who all were in the office? /
Who all were there in the office?

वहाँ किसका भाई था?
Whose brother was there?

वहाँ कौन सी शर्ट रखी हुई थी?
Which shirt was kept there? / Which shirt was kept over there?

आप में से कितने क्लास में थे?
How many of you were in the class? /
How many of you were there in the class?

Simple Sentences – Past – Category 2

पहचान – पास था, में था (के अन्दर है), या भाई/बहन आदि थे।

• “पास था” का मतलब Subject के पास था।
• “में था” का मतलब Subject में था, यानि Subject के अंदर था।
• “भाई/बहन” थे का मतलब Subject के भाई/बहन थे।

Auxiliary Verbs

Had – Singular और Plural दोनों के साथ (Affirmative Sentence में।)
Did not have – Negative Sentence में।
Had no – कुछ Cases में Negative Sentence में।

Rules

Affirmative: Sub. + had + Obj.
Negative: Sub. + did not have + Obj.
Interrogative: <WH> + did + Sub. + have + Obj.?
Neg. Int.: <WH> + did + Sub. + not + have + Obj.?

Special Case
Interrogative: <WH – Sub.> + had + Obj.?
Neg. Int.: <WH – Sub.> + did not have + Obj.?

जब सेंटेंस में Subject “में था (के अन्दर था), या भाई/बहन थे” आता है तो आप सेंटेंस को There was…/ There were… के साथ भी बना सकते हैं। (ये बात समझने के लिए Video ज़रूर देखिए।)

Examples:

उसके पास पैसे थे।
He had money.

मेरे पास पैन नहीं था।
I did not have a pen. /
I had no pen.

मेरे पास दो पैन नहीं थे।
I did not have two pens.

आपके पास पानी था क्या?
Did you have water?

आपके पास क्या था?
What did you have?

किसके पास मोबाईल था?  
(Int. Special Case)
Who had mobile?

किसके पास किताब नहीं थी?
(Neg. Int. Special Case)
Who did not have a book?

उस ग्लास में पानी था।
That glass had water. /
There was water in that glass.

उस घर में दरवाज़ा नहीं था।
That house did not have a door. /
There was no door in that house. /
That house had no door.

उस घर में दो दरवाज़े नहीं थे।
That house didn’t have two doors. /
There were no two doors in that house.
didn’t (डिन्ट/डिडन्ट) – did not

इस ग्लास में कितना पानी था?
How much water did this glass have? /
How much water was there in this glass?

किस ग्लास में पानी था?
Which glass had water? /
In which glass was there water?

किन घरों में नल नहीं थे?
Which houses did not have taps? /
In which houses were there no taps?

उसके दो भाई थे।
He had two brothers. /
There were two brothers of his.

उसका कोई भाई नहीं था।
He did not have any brother. /
He had no brother. /
There was no brother of his.

उसके दो भाई नहीं थे।
He did not have two brothers. /
There were no two brothers of his.

क्या उसके दो भाई थे?
Did he have two brothers? /
Were there two brothers of his?

उसके कितने भाई थे?
How many brothers did he have? /
How many brothers were there of his?

किसके थे दो भाई ?
Who had two brothers? /
Whose were there two brothers?

Homework

• उस किताब में क्या लिखा हुआ था?
  What was written in that book?
  
  
• किस किस के पास घर नहीं था? 
  Who all didn’t have houses?
  
  
• आप कब से ऑफिस में थे?
  Since when had you been in the office?